Influenza is commonly classified as type A, B, or C, depending on the protein composition of the virus. Influenza B infection is caused by influenza virus B genera of the family Orthomyxoviridae and is found only in humans. Common symptoms of the infection include runny nose, chills, fever, muscle pain, sore throat, fatigue, coughing, and general weakness. Nausea and vomiting are also observed in some cases, particularly in children. Frequent hand washing, wearing masks to prevent transmission, routine annual vaccination, and practicing good respiratory hygiene are the few ways that can help reduce the risk of people catching the infection. Vaccination offers good protection against influenza B infection and is also important for people in high-risk regions.
Global Influenza B Infection Market: Scope of Diagnostics
Symptoms of the infection if not treated on time may lead to complications such as bacterial pneumonia, myositis, encephalitis, Reyes’ syndrome, and sinus and ear infections. The infection is transmitted via air, by sneezing, or by coughing. Children are highly susceptible to the influenza B infection though it is also known to affect a substantial number of adults. Influenza B virus can be further broken down into different strains and lineages. Currently, two lineages identified include B/Victoria/2/87-like and B/Yamagata/16/88-like. Diagnosis of the infection is generally carried out by observing the symptoms. Laboratory testing is recommended in certain cases such as influenza outbreaks and patients with a high risk of complications.
Global Influenza B Infection Market: Core Segmentations
The global influenza B infections market can be segmented based on drug class, pipeline assessment, and geography. Histopathological examinations help in assessing the airway, and tissues of the lung, heart, and lymph nodes for determining influenza B infection. Various molecules under pipeline for treating influenza B infections are BTL- TML001, favipiravir, and CR-9114. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommend influenza vaccines for individuals with high risk such as healthcare workers, the elderly population, children, and people suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes, asthmatics, and heart disorder patients. Influenza vaccines are commonly administered as an injection or nasal spray.
Antiviral drugs of class M2 protein inhibitors such as adamantine derivatives and neuraminidase inhibitors including zanamivir and oseltamivir are generally used to treat the infection. Zanamivir and oseltamivir help shorten the duration of the infection and also lower the risk of development of additional complications, though these drugs cause mild side-effects such as nausea and vomiting. Recent studies suggest that antiviral drugs such as amantadine and rimantadine are no longer effective due to the generation of resistance by the influenza virus. Home remedies include fluid intake, rest, and over-the-counter painkillers. Acetaminophen helps in relieving headaches, muscle aches, and fever. However, aspirin is contraindicated since it increases the risk of Reyes’ syndrome. Antibiotics are recommended only in cases of bacterial complications and are also known to cause side effects and the development of antibiotic resistance. Various other alternative treatments include homeopathic and herbal medicines though their safety and efficacy are yet under evaluation.
Global Influenza B Infection Market: Competitive Landscape
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Geographically, the global influenza B infection market can be categorized into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the World. Yearly, approximately 200,000 people in the U.S. need to be hospitalized due to complications related to flu.
Some of the key players contributing to the global influenza B infections market have been AltraVax, Inc., Autoimmune Technologies, LLC, Crucell N.V., Chimerix, Inc., REPLICor, Inc., Humabs BioMed SA, ContraFect Corporation, and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited.
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Source: Biospace